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§ 16.90.5.37 - refraction (SceneScript element)
This language element may be used inside a <trait> block.
EXP sets what the index of refraction, or "IOR", of a material is.
EXP represents an IOR that can reasonably vary from about 1.0 on upwards.
IOR stands for "Index Of Refraction" and represents a controlling element for how much a light ray will bend when it transits the interface between the object and the atmosphere, when the atmosphere (or another object contained within this one) has a differing IOR. The gems to the right demonstrate varying degrees of refraction and internal reflectivity to good effect.
If you want to create transparency that does not refract — for instance, when you're using a texture with an alpha channel on a rectangle, and where it's clear, you want it to "disappear" rather than act as a transparent substance — then just ensure that the IOR for the plane is the same as the IOR for the atmosphere and it'll work as you expect. If you have a differing IOR, it'll act like a clear material that refracts, instead.
This setting is related to the <atmosphere> language element, which lets you define an IOR for the atmosphere. The atmosphere, as we mean it here, is the otherwise empty space that you're creating objects in.
Here are some reference IOR values you can use:
| Medium | IOR |
|---|---|
| Vacuum | 1.0 |
| Air | 1.0003 |
| Ice | 1.309 |
| Water | 1.333 |
| Alchohol | (Ethyl) 1.36 |
| Flourite | 1.434 |
| Glass | 1.46 to 1.66 |
| Turpentine | 1.472 |
| Glycerine | 1.473 |
| Rock Salt | 1.544 |
| Quartz | 1.544 |
| Ruby | 1.72 |
| Zircon | 1.923 |
| Diamond | 2.417 |
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