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EXP sets an object's transparency. 0.0 is fully opaque, and 1.0 is fully transparent.
When an object is partially transparent, the color of the object (or the color of the image map at the relevant point on the object) "filters" the color of the light rays. One lurking "gotcha" is if you make a plane, bump map it (for water, for instance) and make it reflective, it'll work fine... but then, if you make it transparent — at all — sometimes it will turn completely black. Why? Because the color of the plane is black, and that's what filters the light. The solution is to simply make the color of the plane white ( <color 1 1 1> ) and then the transparency will work as expected. Likewise, if you make the water green or blue, that will work also. Just don't forget to make it some color!